The present invention relates to a composition for preventing, treating, or improving skin diseases caused by air pollutants including resorcinol or phenylethylresorcinol, wherein resorcinol or phenylethylresorcinol according to the present invention is XRE (Xenobiotic Response Element) expression induced by air pollutants such as benzo (α) pyrene and fine dust, CYP1A1 (Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) protein or mRNA expression, or AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon) receptor) into the nucleus, it was confirmed that it suppressed skin irritation. Accordingly, it is expected that the resorcinol or phenylethyl resorcinol of the present invention can be usefully used in the field of developing therapeutics or improving agents for various skin diseases that may be caused by air pollutants.
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