A three-dimensional movement deformation measurement system for a three-dimensional similar simulation experiment, comprising a surface movement deformation measurement system (2) and a three-dimensional simulation experiment table (1) used for holding a similar simulation material. The surface movement deformation measurement system (2) comprises a frame body, a transverse slide rail (22), a measurement head (23), a wireless data collector (24), and a computer data processing system (25). By defining the structures and positions of specific components of the surface movement deformation measurement system (2), movement deformation values at different positions on the surface of a three-dimensional similar material model can be observed in a timely, true, accurate and all-directional manner during the experiment, measurement data is transmitted to the wireless data collector (24) in real time, and is processed by the computer data processing system (25), to display a surface movement deformation value on a computer screen in real time. In the measurement system, the alignment of the measurement head (23) and the measurement, transmission and processing of data are all automatically and synchronously performed, thereby avoiding personal errors. Also provided is a three-dimensional movement deformation measurement method for a three-dimensional similar simulation experiment.
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