An Improved Method of Obtaining Motor Fuels and Light Paraffin Oils from Shale; and Benzene, Toluene and Solvent Naphtha from Coal.

摘要

115,573. Justice, P. M., (Pirani, S. G.). Sept. 19. 1917. Hydrocarbons, cracking; bulk evaporators. -Light paraffin oils and other oils for motors are obtained from shale, and benzene, toluene, and solvent naphtha are obtained from coal by a process in which the coal or shale is heated with a mixture of finely ground carbonate or the like which under the action of heat gives off carbonic acid, and with small iron scrap or its equivalent which is adapted to increase the volume of hydrocarbons evolved. The temperature of the retort is maintained between 175‹ C. and 800‹ C. The produced oil is condensed and purified by fractional distillation, and the residuum from the still may be treated with carbonate and iron as in the first stage of the process, and the distillate therefrom passed to a second retort containing manganese dioxide and iron scrap preferably in the proportion of one part to two, in which it is further distilled. The still is of the construction shown in Fig. 8 and is fitted with burners 38, and with pipes 42 for the removal of residuum. The retort 1, Fig. 1, is heated by burners 13 supplied with producer gas, and is charged by means of belts and a overhead skip 5. The hopper 2 forming the top of the retort is fitted with a detachable lid 3. The vapours formed are led to a condenser and thence to a packed tower for removing light oils from the accompanying gases.