A process for impermeabilising, tightening or consolidating the ground and other earthy and stony masses

摘要

471,637. Proofing permeable materials. NAAMLOOZE VENNOOTSCHAP DE BATAAFSCHE PETROLEUM MAATSCHAPPIJ. Sept. 25, 1936, No. 26093. Convention date, Oct. 7, 1935. [Class 14.0] [Also in Group XXI] In a process for impermeabilizing and consolidating the ground and other earthy and stony masses in which the impregnating agent is a swellable substance, e.g. a hydrophilic or oleophilic colloid which is caused to swell in the mass by contact with a solvating agent, the particles of the swellable substance are associated during the impregnation with a hydrophobic or oleophobic substance which repels the solvating agent. Where the solvating agent is water suitable hydrophilic substances are colloidal clays, hydroxides of polyvalent metals, silicic acid, aluminates, polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch, gum arabic, agaragar, lipoids, proteins such as casein and albumen and organic dyestuffs. Suitable oleophilic colloids are rubber, balata, shellac, polymerized drying oils, factice, nitrocellulose, acetyl cellulose, and soaps, in conjunction with organic solvating agents such as oils, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, alcohols and carbon disulphide. The hydrophilic colloid may be suspended in a hydrophobic substance and applied to the object together with or separate from the solvating agent ; similarly, an oleophilic colloid may be suspended in a oleophobic substance. The hydrophilic or oleophilic colloid may be coated with a thin film of a hydrophobic or oleophobic substance and suspended in an agent which may act as the solvating agent. Further, the above methods may be combined if the hydrophobic substance associated with the hydrophilic colloid is the solvating agent for the oleophilic colloid, or the oleophobic substance associated with the oleophilic colloid is the solvating agent for the hydrophilic colloid. The hydrophilic or oleophilic colloid may be formed during the impregnation and vulcanizing materials may be added to substances such as rubber dispersions or linseed oil. The process may be combined with other processes, such as the application of bitumen, cement or clay suspensions or chemicals which react to form voluminous precipitates, e.g. aluminium sulphate or calcium chloride and water-glass. Mixtures having different rates of solvation may be successively injected. Examples describe (1) bentonite associated with an Edeleanu extract from kerosine and suspended in water is injected into sandy soil ; (2) concrete is treated with a suspension of gelatine in gas oil which is swollen by the water contained in the concrete; (3) coarse sand and gravel is treated by injecting through concentric pipes an aqueous dispersion of casein moistened by a lubricating oil fraction rich in aromatics and soda lye ; (4) a sandy river bed is treated in a caisson with a mixture of rubber latex, kerosine and benzene ; (5) the cavities underneath a sluice are filled by separate simultaneous injections of cement or clay mixed with a petroleum residue thinned with gas oil and diluted rubber latex or an aqueous dispersion of iron naphthenate or aluminium palmitate ; (6) a breakwater is injected with a mixture of rubber latex and a dispersion of bitumen and creosote oil in soap solution ; (7) a gravel layer is treated with a gasoline solution of colophony and an aqueous solution of aluminium chloride, whereby the aluminium salts of the resin acids are swollen by absorption of gasoline ; (8) gravel and sand are rendered coherent by treatment with rubber latex and an Edeleanu extract from spindle oil ; (9) a sand dune is injected with a mixture of powdered aluminium sulphate, spindle oil and water-glass solution.