Method and apparatus for continuous cooling of a fuel element is provided with a kuehlmittelfuehrungshuelse during removal from the fuel duct of a gasgekuehlten reactor and introduction into a feeding machine

摘要

897,454. Handling nuclear fuel elements. UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY. Jan. 22, 1960 [Jan. 29, 1959; June 3, 1959], Nos. 3297/59 and 18960/59. Class 39(4). A nuclear reactor refuelling machine has incorporated in it a normally closed circuit in which gaseous coolant, being the same coolant as that employed in the reactor, can be circulated under pressure, the coolant circuit being operable to join the reactor coolant circuit and in so doing preserve the integrity of the reactor coolant circuit whereby a fuel element discharged from the reactor by the refuelling machine can be cooled in its passage from the reactor core into the machine and also whilst it is being temporarily housed in the machine. The refuelling machine 1, diagrammatically shown in the Figures, is as disclosed in Specification 897,449, and comprises a pressure vessel 2 containing a vertical magazine cylinder 6 having three tubes (only two shown) designated 7, 8, the tubes being brought into alignment, by rotation of the magazine, with a retractable nose piece 3 sealable with a selected reactor standpipe 4. The tubes 7, 8 respectively contain hoist chains 9, 10 supporting seal plugs 11, 12, a plug (plug 11, Fig. 3) when in its lowered position sealing a fixed tube 17. The nose piece 3 comprises an outer cylindrical part 13 making sliding sealing engagement at 14 with the outer surface of the standpipe 4 and an inner cylindrical part 16 spaced from the inner wall of the standpipe to provide an annular passage 37, the upper end of the part 16 making sliding sealing engagement with the tube 17. A fuel element assembly 19 to be withdrawn into the tube 7 comprises a biological shield plug 18, normally sealing the standpipe 4, the plug 18 being connectible to the plug 11 at the refuelling level 5. The plug 18 supports a string of fuel elements 51 through a member 53 in a channel 15 of the reactor core 54, the coolant gas passing upwardly through the fuel elements and entering a hot box 58 in the reactor pressure vessel 57 via a gag valve 59 in the assembly 19, Fig. 3, the coolant then being returned to the lower ends of the channels 15 through heat exchangers. The coolant circulation system of the refuelling machine, Fig. 2, comprises a duct 21 communicating with the tube 7 and connected with a circulator system 25 having main and standby circulators 26, 27. A duct 29 from the circulator leads to a cooler 30 having a by-pass 31 and mixing valve 32. A duct 33 from the cooler extends through an isolating valve 35 to the annular passage 37, a duct 38 from the mixing valve 32 extending to the interior of tube 17. In an operation to remove a fuel element assembly 19 the valve 35 is initially closed and the pressurised gas in the vessel 2 is retained by the seal plug 11 in the tube 17. The space between the plugs 11,. 18 is purged with air via an air bleed 40 controlled by a valve 41 to permit an operator to enter and connect the plugs together, and after withdrawal of the operator the nose piece 3 is lowered to seal at 14 with the standpipe 4. The space between the plugs 11, 18 is evacuated of air and pressurised with coolant by a facility 45 controlled by valves 43, 44. The circulator 26 is started and the valve 35 opened and hoisting of the assembly 19 is commenced. As the assembly ascends to the Fig. 4 position reactor coolant continues to pass through it leaving by the gag valve 59 and returning to the hot box 58 by flowing in the annular space around the assembly. The gas from duct 33 flows through the space 37 to cool seal 14 and mixes with the reactor coolant as it flows down to the hot box; similarly the gas from the duct 38 flows down to the hot box. A proportion of the reactor coolant leaves through the duct 21 and passes to the circulator 26. On further upward movement of the assembly a restrictor unit 20 at the lower end of the tube 7 is closed, Fig. 6, to separate the duct 21 from the ducts 33, 38. The reactor coolant from the channel 15 now passes directly to the hot box 58, the coolant from duct 33 cooling the seal 14 and then ascending through the tube 17 to join the coolant from duct 38, both coolants flowing through the fuel elements 51, leaving through the duct 21 via gag valve 59. The magazine 6 is now rotated to bring tube 8 containing new fuel elements into alignment with nose piece 3, but the spent fuel elements in tube 7 continue to be cooled by passages in the machine connected to the ducts 21, 38 (Fig. 7, not shown). The machine 1 may include an emergency facility 69 as described in Specification 897,449 and this may be cooled similarly to the pressure vessel 2 through branches 67, 70, 72. Specifications 886,320, 897,448, 897,450. 897,451, 897,452 and 897,453 also are referred to.