Method of and apparatus for the analysis of radioactive aerosols

摘要

1,104,349. Travelling band air filter. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. 28 June, 1966 [28 June, 1965], No. 28994/66. Heading BIT. [Also in Division G1] Radioactive aerosols (or dust) in the atmosphere are measured by passing air through a moving filter strip and determining the activity of deposited aerosols. The apparatus used is controlled so that in the case of high radioactivity levels in the atmosphere, the level actually presented to the detector unit is reduced in a known ratio, either (at moderately high levels) to increase the accuracy of the measurement, or (at very high levels) to protect the detector unit. from contamination. The detector unit comprises a photomultiplier 17 with a mixed scintillator 18 sensitive to α and # radiation, viewing an area of filter paper 5 as it is carried past at constant speed from reel 6 to reel 7 by motor 25. Air from the atmosphere passes through a strainer 21, flowmeter 22 and valves 23, 24 to an air distributor ring 10 adjacent the detector, the whole detector unit being screened with lead. The air passes through the filter paper, which is supported against the pumping pressure by a square grid 16, and on to the outlet 15, via valve 13 and the volumetric suction pump 14. The radioactivity of the deposited dust is measured by two detector channels, one for # and the other for α particles, each comprising a pre-amplifier 26, 27 a discriminator 29, 30 and an integrator 31, 32. The output of the integrators is fed to a strip recorder and to a threshold circuit 33. This remains inoperative while the activity measured is below a first threshold of about 10SP-8/SP curies/mSP3/SP. If this level is exceeded an alarm 34 is actuated and the control circuit 35 switched to a new position. The control circuit causes an increase in the speed of movement of the filter paper by changing motor 25 to its second speed, or gear position. At a second threshold level, about 10SP-6/SP curies/mSP3/SP the control circuit switches over again, to apply control signals to the dilution circuit 3, in order to reduce the radioactivity of the air reaching the detector, so that radioactive contamination of the detector, rendering it insensitive to further decreases in radioactivity, is prevented. The dilution involves diverting the air intake from the original line (including flowmeter 22) to two branches, one (45-48) of which passes 1% of the flow, the other of which passes the other 99% but, by means of filters 49, 50, removes the radioactive aerosol. A third threshold (10SP-4/SP or 10SP-3/SP curies/mSP3/SP) may be reached at which the flow through the unfiltered branch is cut off by solenoid valve 47, so that only filtered air passes to the detector 17. Then the radioactivity is measured by a detector 53, mounted above the filter 49. The pump 14 is stopped when this level is reached to be restarted when the level decreases again. Instead of altering the speed of the motor 25 when the first threshold is reached, a mask (62) may be interposed between the filter paper and detector 17, to reduce the area of exposure. Two mechanical devices for doing this are described (Figs. 2 and 3, not shown). A gas monitoring unit 4 may analyse the gases contained in the air, after its passage through the filter 5.