apparatus for removal of one or more fixed or in the main proceedings solids in agglomerated form from a suspension of the substance or substances in a fluid.

摘要

1,024,475. Mixing by ultrasonic vibrations; separating solids. SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ N.V. Nov. 12, 1962 [Nov. 13, 1961], No. 42692/62. Heading B1C and B2H. Apparatus for forming agglomerates out of suspensions comprises an annular chamber 5 between the wall 1 of an upstanding vessel and an inner member 3, the bottom of the vessel having inlets 9 and 10 for the admission of suspension and auxiliary liquids and a turbulator 7, 8 for the production of agglomeration nuclei, the top of the vessel having an outlet 14. The outlet 14 supplies a launder 11 which separates the agglomerates from the liquid suspension. To increase the residence time of the agglomerates in the vessel compared with the residence time of the liquid, the outlet 14 is in the form of a screen or filter which may be made adjustable. The agglomerates may spend 1À5 to 350 times as long in the vessel as the liquid. The inner member 3 may be cylindrical as shown and may rotate on the shaft 2 driving the turbulator. The cylinder 3 may be provided with a series of projecting annular rims. The turbulator 7, 8 is preferably driven at a speed sufficient to produce axial vibrations of the suspension, and auxiliary liquid when present, in the supersonic range. Applications. The apparatus may be employed to recover the liquid of a liquid solid suspension or it may be employed to obtain agglomerate particles of a powdered substance by putting the powder into suspension. The apparatus may also be used to separate liquidliquid dispersions by the addition of a powdered material which agglomerates with the dispersed liquid, or may be used to separate two powders in suspension by selective agglomeration. Example I. Soot of a particle size of about 10Á, obtained in the scrubbing of gases produced in the incomplete combustion of a residual oil with insufficient oxygen, is formed into pellets of from 2 to 6 mm. by treatment in the apparatus with a gas oil, crude oil, or residual fuel oil, as auxiliary liquid added at the rate of 3 to 4¢ parts by weight per part of suspended soot. Example II. Waste water from a polymerization process containing polypropylene in suspension is treated with the use of an auxiliary heavy gas oil to extract 95% of the polymer as agglomerates. Example III. Elastomers such as styrenebutadiene rubber may be extracted from their aqueous lattices by means of an aqueous electrolyte solution acting as a coagulating auxiliary liquid. Thus a styrene-butadiene rubber latex creamed by heating in brine and with a particle size of 50Á present to the extent of 7% by weight, is given the addition of a 2% sulhphuric acid solution providing a pH of 5 and yields 99À9% of the rubber in pellets of 1 to 1¢ mm. Similarly a latex of this sort containing particles of 0À5 to 10Á and present to the extent of 0À1-1% by weight is given a pH of 3 to extract the rubber with a particle size of 2 to 5 mm. Example IV. A coal-stone suspension obtained in coal washing and containing about 7% by weight of coal with a particle size of 55Á is treated with a residual fuel oil, added at the rate of 0À5 part by weight per part of coal, and 90% of the coal separates off as pellets of 2 to 5 mm. Similarly, a slack with particle size 120Á and present 6% by weight loses 98% of its carbon which agglomerates into pellets of 3 to 4 mm. Similarly also, magnetite may be recovered from drilling mud. Example V. Oil in water or water in oil suspensions are separated by adding hydrophobic particles preferably containing carbon such as soot, slack, spent cracking catalyst, or fly ash, and with the possible addition of hydrophilic calcareous particles such as calcium oxide or calcium carbonate. Example VI. Oil may be used as an auxiliary liquid in the agglomeration of cement from an aqueous solution, the oil contained in the agglomerate giving extra heat when the cement is fired during manufacture. Miscellaneous examples. The apparatus may be employed to granulate catalysts and may be employed to separate the adducts of urea and paraffin wax from an oil phase as may occur in dewaxing processes based on extractive crystallization, water being used as an auxiliary liquid. The apparatus may be used for the recrystallization of dissolved materials, the temperature of the apparatus being held below the crystallization point.