Procedure and constructive unit for the entibation of tunnels and galleries. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

摘要

Procedure for the shoring of tunnels and galleries by means of a lost formwork of constructive elements based on tables, which rest on some arches of formwork, and which have a series of bridges, that form with the concrete a homogeneous unión and that go curving alternately towards opposite sides, while the hollow enclosure that must receive the concrete and that must be filled in its later part, with simultaneous propping of the ceiling of the tunnel or of the gallery, is supported by transverse supports in correspondence to the profile of opening by means of spears they can be advanced, mainly by hydraulics, of the hollow type, which slide on guide arches and which are interconnected in loose form and articulated by their longitudinal sides, establishing this support towards the side of the mountain, while each time in that section of tunnel already provided with concrete and filled in its back part, this hollow enclosure is connected to its free of the last constructive element based on tables, and is provided with concrete and filled in its back, progressively from behind, by sections and with the help of an end form, characterized by that before applying the concrete of that section that follows after the reinforced part and provided with concrete of the tunnel and supported by spears and guide arches, until the place of the vertices of the lances, is placed in front of the cut at least the last guide arch and in its place at least one arc of formwork is provided which is provided with constructive elements based on tables, in which at a distance from its front end serving for the coating a front formwork is mounted which extends up to the coating of the lance and because after applying the concrete, the hollow enclosure created between the concrete and the mountain due to the advance of the lances is filled in its back by means of some filling material under for example, "trass", ash concrete, sand, crushed gravel or similar material, which is transported through the hollow lances. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)