logical foundation of protection and safety for power termonuclea ri to insulation material and electrical devices fotoelet - iii

摘要

1428242 Nuclear reactor emergency control and safety WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP 2 April 1973 [4 April 1972] 15689/73 Heading G6C [Also in Division H3] A nuclear reactor protection and safeguard system (Fig. 1) includes a plurality of sensors 24 to monitor reactor parameters and each to communicate an output to logic function assemblies along two similar, isolated trains 12, 14, the logic function assemblies acting to interpret the sensor outputs and, upon occurrence of a predetermined combination thereof, to activate control and protection mechanisms (such as shutdown rods, containment sprays and emergency cooling), and wherein electrical isolation is maintained between the trains 12, 14 which communication of logic information therebetween is possible, by means of light communication means in the form of, e.g. photodiodes or phototransistors. Physical isolation of the trains, also, is maintained by the use of coil-tocontact relays and the arrangement of wiring. The use of the two trains is based on the need to provide redundant logic, each train carrying the same information. Information sent to the reactor control room is encoded by redundant, synchronized multiplexers 34 and passed to decoders 36 via the isolation circuits 22. The isolation circuits comprise eight isolation circuits 38, 82-94 (Fig. 2), form per redundant train. The function performed by each circuit is similar to that of a two-input high-threshold NAND-gate. In the absence of error signals, the inputs I 1 -I 8 assume a logical zero state and and photoisolation devices are off. Upon the occurrence of a logical one at the respective inputs 52, 54 of an isolation circuit, e.g. circuit 38, a LED 60 becomes forward-biased to emit light which passes to a PN junction 62 via a clear dielectric which maintains electrical isolation. Detection of increased leakage from LSD 62 is accomplished by a current level detector 64 including an operational amplifier 50 which commences to provide a decreasing output voltage as a result of which transistors 74, 76 eventually saturate and cause a logical zero on line 78 which is the output of the isolation circuit 38.