A complex domestic water heating system incorporates various heating methods, such as solar energy traps, electric immersion heater and solid, gas and/or oil-fore boilers into an integrated system. Esp. useful for regions using highly calcinated water, to maintain drawn hot water temperatures low enough to inhibit scale deposit, and to operate space heating at relatively efficient and still lower temps. (26-30 deg.C). Claims include systems using black copper panel traps backed by thermal insulation and protected by thick, transparent polyester sheet covers.
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