method for obtaining the benzophenanthridin alkaloids chelidonin, chelerythrin and sanguinarin from powdered plant material

摘要

In the prodn. of the benzophenanthridine alkaloids chelidonine, chelerythrin and sanguinarin from plant materials contg. these alkaloids, in which the plant material (e.g. Rodix Chelidonii) is powdered, moistened with an ammonia soln, then subjected to a chloroform extraction to separate off the non-extractable substances and to enrich the alkaloids in the CHCl3 extract, aqueous H2SO4 is added and the solvent is simultaneously distilled off. The residue is basified with ammonia to ppte. the alkaloid free bases which are then filtered off. The alkaloids are then subjected to further treatment with CHCH3 to separate from insolubles, then the organic phase is concentrated and applied to chromatographic column packed with silica gel. The column is eluted under a pressure of 8-10 bar at room temp. Sanguinarin is eluted first, followed by a mixt. of sanguinarin and chelidonine and, finally, chelerythrin. The mixt. of sanguinarin and chelidonine is applied to a further chromatographic column packe with silica gel using a different eluant under the same conditions, in order to separate sanguinarin from chelidonine. Pine crystalline sanguinarin, chelery thrin and chelidonine are obtd. by recrystallisation of the individually collected alkaloids. Chelidonine has spasmolytic activity. Chelerythrin and sanguinarin have antibacterial activity, while sanguinarin additionally has antibiotic and antimycotic activity.