PURPOSE: To use a polypeptide having a human interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions aiming the treatment of pneumothorax. CONSTITUTION: Natural human IL-2, pure recombination IL-2, especially reduction type non-blycosylated recombination IL-2, is injected through an intrapleural passageway at a dose of 0.2106 to 3106 U, especially 0.5106 U, to treat the pneumothorax. The target pneumothorax includes natural pneumothorax and pneumothorax caused by injuries or aggressive actions, and the IL-2 is especially effective for chronic pneumothorax (e.g. recurrent natural pneumothorax, symptomatic pneumothorax). The pharmaceutical composition containing the IL-2 is suitably repeatedly administered at least three times at an interval of at least once.
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