PASSIVE EMERGENCY COOLING THROUGH FULL PRESSURE AND RESIDUAL HEAT REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS REFRIGERATED BY WATER.

摘要

A WATER COOLED NUCLEAR REACTOR (10) CONSISTS OF A NUCLEUS (14), A PRIMARY WATER COOLING CIRCUIT (24,26) AND A PRESSURIZER (46), WHICH FORM A UNIT IN A SINGLE PIECE IN A PRESSURE CONTAINER ( 12). A PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM OF THE EMERGENCY CORE AT TOTAL PRESSURE AND EXTRACTION OF RESIDUAL HEAT IS PROVIDED, WHICH CONSISTS OF A TANK (58) PROVIDED WITH A RESERVE WATER SUPPLY LOCATED ABOVE THE PRIMARY WATER COOLING CYCLE (24 26) OR THE NUCLEUS OF THE REACTOR. THE TANK (58) IS INTERCONNECTED WITH THE PRIMARY COOLING WATER CIRCUIT THROUGH A FIRST DUCT (74) AND A SECOND DUCT (68). THE FIRST DUCT (74) HAS AN INVERTED U-SHAPED FOLDING PASSING THROUGH A SPACE OF WATER (48) AND A VAPOR SPACE (50) OF THE PRESSURIZER (46) TO FORM A VAPOR CLOSURE (78). THE FIRST DUCT (74) AND THE SECOND DUCT (68) ARE ALSO EQUIPPED WITH SOME THERMAL-HYDROSTATIC SEALS (82 AND 70). THE TANK (58) HAS ONE OR MORE RESIDUAL HEAT EXTRACTION CIRCUITS INCLUDING A HEAT EXCHANGER (60) POSITIONED IN THE TANK (58) AND A HEAT EXCHANGER (62) BY THE EXTERIOR OF THE TANK (58). THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE VAPOR CLOSURE (78) OF THE INVERTED U-SHAPED DOUBLE (76) MAKES IT POSSIBLE THAT COLD WATER FROM THE TANK (58) FLOWS WITHIN THE PRIMARY WATER COOLING CIRCUIT AND COOLES IT. THE VAPOR CLOSURE (78) DETECTS THE EXISTING ABNORMALITIES IN THE REACTOR NUCLEUS (14) AND IN THE PRIMARY WATER COOLING CIRCUIT (24,26), AS WELL AS THE PRESSURIZER WATER LEVEL, AUTOMATICALLY INITIATING THE PASSIVE COOLING OF TOTAL PRESSURE EMERGENCY AND EXTRACTION OF RESIDUAL HEAT.