There is disclosed a diagnostic assay for adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), comprising (a) measuring the amount of selected unsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) and saturated FFAs in a body fluid, and (b) determining a ratio value comprising the sum of the unsaturated FFAs divided by the sum of the saturated FFAs. There is further disclosed a diagnostic assay for ARDS, sepsis, MOD and SIRS, comprising (a) measuring the amount of 9- or 13- hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE) and 5-hydroxy-6-trans-8,11,14-cis- eicosatetraenoic acid (5- HETE) in a body fluid, and (b) determining a ratio value of HETE and HODE.
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