Therapies for the treatment of a variety of central nervous system injuries including acute or chronic spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and white matter stroke involve the administration of rho protein inhibitors to promote axon regeneration. Local administration is employed in typical embodiments, and this may include injection of a recombinant virus that expresses an inhibitor. In one embodiment, the inhibitor is C. botulinium C3 exoenzyme or a chimeric C. botulinum C2/C3 construct expressed in a replication-deficient adeno, adeno-associated, or herpes virus.
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