-- A Constant-gm CMOS Rail-to-Rail Input Stage Using a New Electronic Zenor Diode

摘要

PURPOSE: A CMOS rail to rail input step including a regular transcondutance by using a new EZD(electrical zenor diode) is provided to improve the zenor diode characteristics more than the EZD by using two complementary diodes and to improve the gm-control function. CONSTITUTION: The CMOS rail to rail input step including the regular transcondutance by using the new EZD which are M15, M16, M22, M24, M20, M8, M21, M23, M7 and M25. M15, M16, M22 and M24 by using a regulated CMOS inverter. M20 and M8 are stabilized circuits. M21 manages the unnecessary current when the EZD is turned on. M23, M7 and M25 carry out the current path for right operation of the input step. The size of M15, M16, M22 of the EZD is the same as that of an input transistor. The size of the current resource, M24 of the EZD is 1/8 of the M10 size. The current flowing in M22 is Iref/2. The size of M22 and M15 is same. The current flowing in M15 and M16 is Iref/2. The current flowing in M13, M14, M11 and M12 is Iref. M21 manages the rest current and M23 and M7 manage the current of M24 and M8.