A METHOD FOR THE UTILIZATION OF NITRIC ACID OXIDANTS OF LIQUID ROCKET FUEL WITH OBTAINING SALTS BASED ON NITRATED HYDROCARBONS MATERIALS

摘要

A method for the utilization of nitric acid oxidants of liquid rocket fuel with obtaining salts based on nitrated hydrocarbon materials involves rectification of oxidants (without withdrawing or with preliminary withdrawing of H3PO4 and HF from them) with obtaining aqueous solution of nitric acid with admixtures of orthophosphoric acid and distillate - "nitrooleum" or 90-95 % of HNO3. Iodine-containing m?langes are also subjected to reprocessing, the obtained nitrooleum is separated by the repeated rectification on liquefied nitrogen (IV) oxides and 95-99,5 % HNO3, being used for nitration of hydrocarbons oils and lubricants with subsequent obtaining polyfunctional additive materials to oilsand lubricants on their basis. Nitration of hydrocarbons lubricants and/or oils is performed at one or several stages at t=10?80 DEGREE C during 0.2-7.0 hours at a mass ratio of or during 0.2-6.0 hours by the action of nitrating mixture (HC) at t=0?80 DEGREE C with the factor of nitration activity (FNA) of HC, being equal to 50?95, at a mass ratio of or by action of the mixture of H2SO4 and MNO3 (M+=Na, K, NH4, ? Ca, ? Mg) in the same conditions , or action of the mixture of HNO3 with acetic anhydride or acetic acid at t=20?100 DEGREE C during 0.5-10.0 hours at (where substrate is oil or lubricant being subjected to nitration). The nitration products after washing by water are neutralized with organic bases and ammonia, the waste acid after every stage of nitration is used at subsequent stages of nitration, and also is neutralized with organic bases and ammonia, being performed during 5-500 minutes at t=-10?120 C in aqueous, alcoholic- aqueous or alcoholic media, and obtained salts or mixtures are used as concentrated solutions and/or in the solid state after evaporation.