PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF HEAVY CHARGES SUCH AS HEAVY CRUDE OILS AND DISTILLATION RESIDUES.

摘要

Process for the conversion of heavy charges chosen among heavy and extra heavy crude oils, distillation residues, "heavy oils" coming from catalytic treatments, "thermal tars", bitu imen from oil sands, coals of various nature and other high boiling charges of hydrocarbon origin known as "black oils", by means of the joint use of at least three of the following process units: deasphalting (SDA1), hydroconversion with catalysts in slurry phase (HT1), distillation or flash (D), characterized by the fact of comprising the following stages: - sending the heavy charge to a deasphalting section (SDA1) in presence of a solvent obtaining two streams: one consisting of Deasphalted Oil (DAO1 from SDA1), the other one containing asphaltenes;- mixing the flow consisting of deasphalted oil (DAO1 from SDA1) with an appropriate hydrogenation catalyst and sending the thus obtained mixture to a hydroprocessing section (HT1) and introducing into it hydrogen or a mixture containing hydrogen and H2S; - m ixing the flow consisting of asphaltenes coming out of the deasphalting section (SDA1) with an appropriate hydrogenation catalyst and sending the thus obtained mixture to a second hydroprocessing section (HT2) and introducing into it hydrogen or a mixture containing hydrogen and H2S; - sending both the streams containing the reaction product of the hydroprocessing section (HT1) and the catalyst in the dispersed phase to one or more distillation or flash stages (D9)where the most volatile fractions, including the gases produced in the two hydroprocessing reactions (HT1 and HT2), are separated from the distillation residue (tar) or from the liquid coming out of the flash unit; -sending the distillation residue(tar) or the liquid coming out of the flash unit, containing the catalyst in the dispersed phase rich with metal sulfides, produced because of the demetallization of the charge, and possibly containing coke, to a second deasphalting section (SDA2) in presence of solvents , thus obt aining two streams, one consisting of deasphalted oil (DAO2 from SDA2) and the other consisting of asphaltenes, a part of which, unless some draining takes place, is recycled to the hydroprocessing section (HT1) and the other part is recycled to the second hydro iprocessing section (HT2).