A cationic nanoparticle 100 having an inorganic core 120 and at least one outer cationic coating 140 is described. The at least one outer cationic coating 140 substantially covers the inorganic core 120 and has at least one organo-silane. The organo-silane includes: -Si(RSUP1/SUP)SUB3/SUB wherein RSUP1/SUP independently at each occurrence is an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, a halide, an alkyl group, or hydrogen, and wherein at least one RSUP1/SUP of the three RSUP1/SUPs is not an alkyl group. A nanocomplex 500 having a cationic nanoparticle 100 and at least one oligonucleotide 160 attached to the cationic nanoparticle 100 is also described. Methods of making cationic nanoparticles and nanocomplexes are also described. Also described are methods of delivering an oligonucleotide 160 into a cell in-vitro, to a subject in-vivo, and monitoring the delivery of an oligonucleotide.
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