A system and a method for treating BOD and purifying nonpoint sources of pollution are provided to prevent the generation of clogging and reduce the area of constructed wetland by using a sustainable structured wetland medium, thereby reinforcing the improvement of water quality and the treatment efficiency of water. A constructed wetland system having a sustainable structured wetland medium comprises: a settling forebay(200) into which wastewater flows from an inlet(100) so that wastewater is provisionally stored in the settling forebay; multi-cells into which supernatant obtained by settling solid contaminants in the settling forebay flows, and which are comprised of marshy lands and ponds; at least one or more sustainable structured wetland media(33,35,43,45) installed at pond inlets of the multi-cells; and a micro-pool(600) for provisionally storing water finally purified in the multi-cells and flown in from the multi-cells, and discharging purified water to an outlet, wherein the sustainable structured wetland medium comprises an outer layer, at least one intermediate layer, and an inner layer.
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