Solvent-free hydrogenation / hydrogenolysis of coals hochinkohlten with borane - and iodine - catalysts

摘要

The present invention relates to a novel process for the solvent-free hydrogenation or hydrogenolysis of macromolecular fossil raw materials and macromolecular plastics, in particular bituminous coal, with hydrogen under pressure in the presence of molecular (homogeneous) borane - or iodine - catalysts. Active catalysts are organoboron - halogen - compounds and halogen hydro boranes r₂Bx or rbx₂, Analogue boranes bx triha₃ as well as elemental iodine, hydrogen iodide and organoiodonium - compounds ri (r = h, v; x = f, cl, br, i). The boron - halogen - compounds can either be employed in pure form or of borane - compounds r₃B zw. Metal m⁺[R₄B]^- (R = h, v) and suitable halogenating agents, under the reaction conditions are produced in situ. In contrast to the coal liquefaction according to bergius, there are also very hochinkohlte (low - volatile) hard coals such ess - and lean coal (steam coals, low - volatile bituminous coals, semi - anthracites) and anthracites to be reacted using hydrogen. The solid hydrogenation products from the coals can then in a conventional method of the direct bergius coal liquefaction to give liquid hydrocarbons and in coking processes for the production of blast furnace cokes and be used to obtain high-quality coal tars.