PROCESS OF TREATMENT OF TEXTILE DYEING WASTE WATERS WITH COMBINATION OF NATURAL BIOMASS CARRIERS IN BIOFILTER

摘要

The invention is based on a problem of how to design a biological process of treatment of highly colourised textile waste waters with a fixed biomass in a bio-filter in which there is such a combination of natural materials that the latter have high specific surface, excellent ability to enhance growth and development of various microorganism populations, and high filtration, adsorption and ion exchange ability. Zeolitic tuff, turf and sand are actively included into biochemical impurity degradation processes so that they bind physico- chemically or remove structurally various dyes and textile auxiliary agents, which is an advantage against systems with plastic biomass carriers that are chemically inert. After a longer period of retention on the surface of natural materials, various microorganisms (biomass) develop and significantly affect mechanisms of removal of organic compounds from textile waste water. By this, colourisation, pH and organic load of waste water are reduced. The system is designed in such a manner that the materials remain wetted and in contact with waste water for all the time of operation, which still improves the effect of treatment. The process and preparation are flexible, because in the case of potential change of quantity or composition of waste water, the treatment can be adapted to new conditions. Advantages of the process against systems with active carbon (which are often applied for treatment of textile waste waters) and conventional systems with active sludge are in its simplicity, low investment and operating costs and environmental friendliness.