TECHNIQUE OF CEREAL CROPS PLANTING ENVISAGING MINERAL FERTILISERS APPLICATION AS WELL AS DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

摘要

FIELD: agriculture.;SUBSTANCE: proposed planting technique envisages soil being ripped in the vertical direction at a depth exceeding that of the seed planting to produce a slot, a seed furrow being shaped and seeds planted together with a starting dose of mineral fertilisers. The basic mineral fertiliser dose is applied into the slot cut at a depth below that of the furrow bottom in the form of a vertical band or row. After that the soil is compacted. Furrow formation is done by way of soil being ripped within a horizontal plane at the seed planting level and raised. The furrow cross-section profile is that of an isosceles trapezoid whose minor base (equal to the spacing width) is turned downwards. The angle of the furrow sides slant relative to the horizontal plane shall not exceed the soil natural slope angle. The seeds together with the mineral fertilisers starting dose are applied in the furrow corners to form rows with the basic fertiliser dose applied between the rows. After that soil is ripped to the left and to the right of the furrow within the horizontal plane at a depth less than that of the furrow having been shaped and by a distance at least equal to half the spacing width. The soil having been raised is levelled and compacted. The seeding implement consists of a frame and a disk blade with a dual-level opener equipped with a stilt and a fertiliser spout positioned behind it. To the tilt lower part there is an A-hoe blade attached. Onto the stilt butt-end a seed drop tube is rigidly attached. Behind the opener the leveller-and-compactor tool is positioned. The disk blade installation enables vertical axis rotation. The flat A-hoe blade is designed to have two crosswise bends. The first bend directed downwards at an angle no more than 25-30° is arranged within the blade section where the blade width W is equal to: W = W_s + 2·x·ctgα where α is the soil natural slope angle, °; W_s is the spacing width, m; x is the height soil is raised to by the A-hoe blade, m. The second bend directed upwards at an angle no more than 20-22° is arranged within the blade section where the blade width is equal to the spacing width W_s. To the stilt butt-end the second seed drop tube is rigidly attached. The fertiliser spout is attached to the rear seed drop tube butt-end. The lower ends of the seed drop tubes designed for application of seeds together with the fertiliser starting dose are bent rightwards and leftwards accordingly. The lower end of the fertiliser spout is bent backwards and positioned at the level of the self-aligning disk blade lower edge.;EFFECT: invention enables enhancement of energy efficiency, seeding quality, fertiliser application efficacy and crops yield due to targeted placement of the fertilisers being applied with due regard for the root system specificity.;6 cl, 6 dwg