A diagnostic method of determining tumorigenicity of a tissue specimen includes the steps of determining a magnitude of genome diversity in the tissue specimen, and diagnosing a likelihood of cancer in response to said step of determining the magnitude of genome diversity. The magnitude of genome diversity includes the determination of karyotypic heterogeneity in the tissue specimen, illustratively by detecting non-clonal chromosome aberrations (NCCAs). The detection of NCCAs includes the detection the frequency of NCCAs, and the diagnosis is responsive to the step of detecting the frequency of NCCAs. Detection of NCCAs advantageously includes the further step of screening lymphocytes. Also, the step of determining the presence of elevated genome diversity includes the step of applying Spectral Karyotyping to detect translocations throughout the genome. The diagnostic method is useful to determine drug resistance of a patient.
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