FORMING METHOD AND OBSERVATIONS stereoscopic images with maximum spatial resolution AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION (VARIANTS)

摘要

1. A method of forming a stereoscopic observation and the maximum spatial resolution, comprising the steps that an optical source generating a light wave by a matrix-addressable by M rows and N columns, the first optical modulator modulating the summing is performed in the light wave mn-th element of the first optical modulator in accordance with the sum of the quantities and brightness mn-th elements of the images of the left and right views, where m = 1, 2, ..., M, n = 1, 1, ..., N, using the matrix-addressable by M rows and N columns of the second optical modulator carried encoding modulation light waves in mn-th element of the second optical modulator in accordance with non-linear functions of algebraic relations between the values and x mn-luminance image elements of the left and right angles with the first and second optical analyzers with mutually complementary optical decoding parameters form the first and second light fluxes from the intensity values and Equal values and x mn-luminance image elements of the left and right views in the left and right forming windows, optically coupled with the left and right observation windows, which observe the left and right angles of the stereo image, characterized in that with the help of matrix-addressed by M rows and N columns optical modulator uniform action, causing uniform modulation of the light wave intensity as equal in magnitude and sign of the change of the light wave intensity left and right windows form, offering direct summing modulated by modulating the magnitude of the intensity of the light wave or indirect summing modulated by modulating the other physical characteristics of the light wave - propagation direction or the angle of convergence or divergence or spectral characteristics of a polarization state or phase values ​​or by modulation of the combination remaining the physical characteristics of the light wave in the mn-th element of the optical modulator of uniform action, submitting to its control input compensating summation signal with an amplitude directly proportional to the values ​​of the function Λ^Σ linearization summing modulation, using matrix-addressed by M rows and N columns of the optical modulator of the difference of action, causing a difference modulation of the intensity of the light wave in the form of equal magnitude but opposite in sign to the light wave intensity changes in left and right windows form, offering direct separating modulation by the modulation of the light wave intensity or indirect separating modulation by modulating the other physical characteristics of the light wave - propagation direction or magnitude of the convergence angle or divergence or spectral characteristics or polarization state, or the amount of phase, or for by modulation of the other combinations of physical characteristics of the light wave in the mn-th element of the optical modulator is a differential action, feeding on its control input the compensating signal division with an amplitude directly proportional to the values ​​of the function Λ^Ξ linearization of the pitch modulation, and generating modulated light intensity in the left and right windows form using the first and second optical converters with mutually complementary parameters conversion pitch modulation, with the same parameters conversion summing modulation and with the same parameters of the optical transmission as a direct pitch component and a direct component of the summation light intensity.;2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compensation signal is fed summing a first particular embodiment, it with an amplitude directly proportional to the function Λ^Σ linearization in its first summing modulation a particular embodiment, the amount taken from the works brightness values ​​mn-th pixel of the left and right views: Or summing the compensating signal is fed in its second particular embodiment with an amplitude directly proportional to the product of the amount brightness values ​​mn-th pixel of the left and right views on the function Λ^Σ summing linearizing its second modulation a particular embodiment: And a compensating signal dividing it is fed to the first embodiment of with an amplitude directly proportional to the values ​​of the function Λ^Ξ linearization in her first pitch modulation a particular embodiment, taken on the ratio values brightness mn-m image elements left and right views: Or compensating dividing signal fed to its second particular embodiment with an amplitude directly proportional to the product of the relationship brightness values ​​in mn-m image elements of the left and right views on the function Λ^Ξ linearization in its second pitch modulation a particular embodiment: Where the function Λ^Σ linearization in its first summing modulation particular embodiment, determining as a function The inverse of the calibration function summing modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment: And the function Λ^Σ summing linearizing its second modulation particular embodiment, determining as a function Whose values ​​are the reciprocals to the values ​​of the calibration function F^Σ nonlinearity of the modulation in the second adder a particular embodiment: , Λ function^Ξ linearization in her first pitch modulation particular embodiment, determining as a function The inverse of the calibration function F^Ξ pitch modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment: And the function Λ^Ξ linearization pitch modulation in its second particular embodiment, determined as a function Whose values ​​are the reciprocals to the values ​​of non-linearity of the calibration function of the pitch modulation in its second a particular embodiment: , With calibration function summing modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment is equal to the aggregate calibration values ​​uniformly modulated component light intensity at the output of any of the windows . formation: when applied to the control input of the optical modulator of uniform action of linearly changing the calibration signal summing modulation and calibration function F^Ξ summing nonlinearity its second modulation a particular embodiment, is the ratio of the sequence of calibration values ​​uniformly modulated component light intensity at the output of any of the windows . the formation of a sequence of values ​​corresponding amplitude monotonically-changing calibration signal summing modulation: , Calibration function F^Ξ pitch modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment is equal to the quotient of the set of calibration values ​​difference-modulated component light intensity in the left window forming on the set of calibration values ​​difference-modulated component the intensity of the light flux in the right window formation: when applied to the control input of the optical modulator is a differential action of linearly changing the calibration signal pitch modulation and calibration function F^Ξ separating nonlinearity its second modulation a particular embodiment, is the ratio of the aggregate calibration values ​​difference-modulated component light intensity in the left window the formation of a set of calibration values ​​difference-modulated component the intensity of the light flux in the right window forming divided into a plurality of corresponding values ​​monotonically-varying amplitude calibration signal pitch modulation: .;3. The method of claim 1, wherein the compensation signal is fed summing a first particular embodiment, it with an amplitude directly proportional to the function Λ^Σ linearization in its first summing modulation a particular embodiment, the amount taken from the works brightness values ​​mn-th pixel of the left and right views: Or summing the compensating signal is fed in its second particular embodiment with an amplitude directly proportional to the product of the amount brightness values ​​mn-th pixel of the left and right views on the function Λ^Σ summing linearizing its second modulation a particular embodiment: , A compensating signal dividing it is fed to the first embodiment of with an amplitude directly proportional to the values ​​of the function Λ^Ξ linearization in her first pitch modulation a particular embodiment, taken on the ratio values brightness mn-m image elements left and right views: Or compensating dividing signal fed to its second particular embodiment with an amplitude directly proportional to the product of the relationship brightness values ​​in mn-m image elements of the left and right views on the function Λ^Ξ linearization in its second pitch modulation a particular embodiment: Where the function Λ^Σ linearization in its first summing modulation particular embodiment, determining as a function The inverse of the calibration function summing modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment: And the function Λ^Σ summing linearizing its second modulation particular embodiment, determining as a function Whose values ​​are the reciprocals to the values ​​of the calibration function F^Σ nonlinearity of the modulation in the second adder a particular embodiment: , Λ function^Ξ linearization in her first pitch modulation particular embodiment, determining as a function The inverse of the calibration function F^Ξ pitch modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment: And the function Λ^Ξ linearization pitch modulation in its second particular embodiment, determined as a function Whose values ​​are the reciprocals to the values ​​of non-linearity of the calibration function of the pitch modulation in its second a particular embodiment: , With calibration function summing modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment is equal to the aggregate calibration values ​​uniformly modulated component light intensity at the output of any of the windows . formation: when applied to the control input of the optical modulator of uniform action of linearly changing the calibration signal summing modulation and calibration function F^Ξ summing nonlinearity its second modulation a particular embodiment, is the ratio of the sequence of calibration values ​​uniformly modulated component light intensity at the output of any of the windows . the formation of a sequence of values ​​corresponding amplitude monotonically-changing calibration signal summing modulation: , Calibration function F^Ξ pitch modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment is equal to the quotient of the set of calibration values ​​difference-modulated component light intensity in the left window forming on the set of calibration values ​​difference-modulated component the intensity of the light flux in the right window formation: when applied to the control input of the optical modulator is a differential action of linearly changing the calibration signal pitch modulation and calibration function F^Ξ separating nonlinearity its second modulation a particular embodiment, is the ratio of the aggregate value of the gauge difference-modulated component light intensity in the left window the formation of a set of calibration values ​​difference-modulated component the intensity of the light flux in the right window forming divided into a plurality of corresponding values ​​monotonically-varying amplitude calibration signal pitch modulation: .;4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the function values ​​Λ^Σ summing linearization division modulation dependent signal values ​​and / or function values ​​Λ^Ξ linearization pitch modulation dependent summing signal values.;5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the summing is carried out by modulation of light beam intensity modulation using real-optical amplitude modulator, a separating optical modulation is performed by modulating the polarization state of the light flux by phase modulator with an arbitrary polarization characteristic unambiguous the transition between two mutually complementary optical polarization phase states and pitch conversion is performed in the modulation of the luminous flux separating component intensity by the first and second polarization converters with mutually complementary polarization parameters.;6. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that an optical source generating a light beam with the first spectrum using real-optical amplitude modulator summing the amplitude modulation performed by modulating the light intensity, the modulation is performed in a separatory form from the spectral modulation separatory the transition from the first range to second range by frequency-optical modulator when changing the voltage on its control input from the first to the second value via the first and second frequency optical analyzers carried conversion spectral pitch modulation to a separatory component light intensity, wherein the spectral characteristics of the first and second frequency analyzers optical correspond to the first and second spectra.;7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an optical source with a collimated light beam formed by the diffractive optical modulator adder summing diffraction modulation is performed by changing the deflection angle of the light flux in the first transverse direction by dividing the diffractive optical modulator is carried out a separating diffraction modulation by changing the angle of the light deflection in the second lateral direction, and via an asymmetric in two mutually orthogonal transverse directions zhalyuznogo optical converter is carried out in the first transverse direction selection component of the luminous flux corresponding to the summing of the diffraction modulation in the left and right windows of formation, and in the second transverse direction - the allocation of part of the luminous flux corresponding to the pitch of the diffraction modulation between the left and right formation windows.;8. The method of claim 1, wherein said analog using a real-optical modulator amplitude modulation is performed by summing the analog light intensity modulation by the polarization modulator bistable bistable polarization separating performed by modulation of pulse width modulation between the two mutually complementary polarization states by the first and second polarization converters with mutually complementary polarization states of the polarization conversion performed analog modulation bistable separating pitch variation component light intensity, while the function linearization bistable polarization modulation determined pitch in the first form as a function of The inverse of the nonlinearity function bistable polarization pitch modulation in her first version: , Which is defined as the aggregate results of the quotient of the average time of calibration values ​​of the pitch component of the luminous flux intensity in the left formation window to the average time the calibration values ​​of the intensity of the pitch component the light flux in the right window of formation: where . when applied to the control input of the bistable polarization modulator calibration PWM signal with linearly varying pulse width and linearization function separatory bistable polarization modulation in its second embodiment is defined as the set of quantities, each of which is the inverse nonlinearity to the corresponding value bistable polarization separating function in its second modulation version: Which is the set of results the quotient of the time averaged calibration values ​​of the pitch component of the luminous flux intensity in the left formation window to the average time the calibration values ​​of the intensity of the pitch component light flux forming a right window, divided by time-averaged values ​​calibration signal a monotonically-changing pulse duration: where .;9. The method of claim 1, wherein the summing and / or separating the modulation is performed by a combination of analog and bistable or multistable modulation characteristics of luminous flux.;10. A method of forming a stereoscopic observation and the maximum spatial resolution, comprising the steps that an optical source generating a light wave by a matrix-addressable by M rows and N columns, the first optical modulator modulating the summing is performed in the light wave mn-th element of the first optical modulator in accordance with the sum of the quantities and x mn-luminance image elements of the left and right views, using matrix-addressable by M rows and N columns of the second optical modulator encoding is performed in the modulation of the light wave mn-th element of the second optical modulator in accordance with non-linear functions of algebraic relations between the values and x mn-luminance image elements of the left and right views, setting initial values ​​of mutually complementary optical modulation parameters in adjacent and 2i-x (2i-1) -x columns of the second optical modulator, where m, n, i = 1, 2, ..., N, through N columns addressed by a spatially periodic optical analyzer by setting mutually complementary optical analysis of parameters related to 2k-x and (2k-1) -x columns spatially periodic optical analyzer where k = 1, 2, ..., N They form the first and second groups of light beams with the values ​​of the total intensity and Equal values and x mn-luminance image elements of the left and right views in the left and right formation zones, wherein one of the zones of the formation directed first group N light beams, the first N / 2 of which pass through the N / 2 even 2i-x columns of the second optical modulator, and N / 2 even 2k-x columns spatially periodic optical analyzer, and the remaining N / 2 of the light beams pass through the N / 2 odd (2i-1) th column of the second optical modulator, and N / 2 odd (2k-1) -x columns spatially periodic optical analyzer, and in other areas of direct formation a second group of N light beams, the first N / 2 of which pass through the N / 2 odd (2i-1) th column of the second optical modulator, and N / 2 even-numbered column 2k-x spatially periodic optical analyzer, and the remaining N / 2 of the light beams pass through the N / 2 odd columns x 2i-optical modulator and a second N / 2 odd (2k-1) th column of a spatially periodic optical analyzer, and observe the left and right angles, respectively, the left stereo and right surveillance zones, optically coupled respectively to the left and right forming zones, characterized in that with the help of matrix-addressed by M rows and N columns optical modulator uniform action is carried out directly summing modulated by modulating the magnitude of the intensity of the light wave or indirect summing modulated by modulating the other physical characteristics of the light wave - propagation direction or magnitude the angle of convergence or divergence or the spectral characteristics, or the state of polarization or the amount of phase modulation or by a combination of other physical characteristics of the light waves in the mn-th light modulator element uniform action by feeding its control input to a compensating signal summing an amplitude directly proportional to the values ​​of the function Λ^Σ linearization summing modulation, using matrix-addressed by M rows and N columns optical modulator differential action is carried out directly separating modulation by the modulation of the light wave intensity or indirect separating modulation by modulating the other physical characteristics of the light wave - propagation direction or magnitude of the convergence angle or divergence or spectral characteristics, or the polarization state or value of the phase or by modulation combinations other physical characteristics of the light waves in the mn-th element of the optical modulator differential action setting with mutually complementary values ​​pitch modulation performance in adjacent 2i-x and ( 2i-1) th column of the optical modulator differential action where i = 1, 2, ..., N, and feeding it to the control input of the compensating signal division with an amplitude directly proportional to the function Λ^Ξ linearization pitch modulation, the first and second groups of N modulated in intensity of light beams formed via addressable by N columns spatially periodic optical converter, characterized by mutually complementary parameters conversion pitch modulation to its adjacent 2k-x and (2k-1)-x columns, the same parameters conversion summing modulation, the same parameters of the optical transmission as a direct pitch component and a direct component of the summation of the luminous flux intensity for all N columns spatially periodic optical converter.;11. The method of claim 2, wherein the compensation signal is fed summing a first particular embodiment, it with an amplitude directly proportional to the function Λ^Σ linearization in its first summing modulation a particular embodiment, the amount taken from the works brightness values ​​mn-th pixel of the left and right views: Or summing the compensating signal is fed in its second particular embodiment with an amplitude directly proportional to the product of the amount brightness values ​​mn-th pixel of the left and right views on the function Λ^Σ summing linearizing its second modulation a particular embodiment: , A compensating signal dividing it is fed to the first embodiment of with an amplitude directly proportional to the values ​​of the function Λ^Ξ linearization in her first pitch modulation a particular embodiment, taken on the ratio values brightness mn-m image elements left and right views: Or compensating dividing signal fed to its second particular embodiment with an amplitude directly proportional to the product of the relationship brightness values ​​in mn-m image elements of the left and right views on the function Λ^Ξ linearization in its second pitch modulation a particular embodiment: Where the function Λ^Σ linearization in its first summing modulation particular embodiment, determining as a function The inverse of the calibration function summing modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment: And the function Λ^Σ summing linearizing its second modulation particular embodiment, determining as a function Whose values ​​are the reciprocals to the values ​​of the calibration function F^Σ nonlinearity of the modulation in the second adder a particular embodiment: , Λ function^Ξ linearization in her first pitch modulation particular embodiment, determining as a function The inverse of the calibration function F^Ξ pitch modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment: And the function Λ^Ξ linearization pitch modulation in its second particular embodiment, determined as a function Whose values ​​are the reciprocals to the values ​​of non-linearity of the calibration function of the pitch modulation in its second a particular embodiment: While the calibration function F^Σ summing modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment is equal to the aggregate calibration values ​​uniformly modulated component light intensity at the output of any zone . formation: when applied to the control input of the optical modulator of uniform action of linearly changing the calibration signal summing modulation and calibration function F^Ξ summing nonlinearity its second modulation a particular embodiment, is the ratio of the sequence of calibration values ​​uniformly modulated component light intensity at the output of any zone . the formation of a sequence of values ​​corresponding amplitude monotonically-changing calibration signal summing modulation: , Calibration function F^Ξ pitch modulation nonlinearities in its first a particular embodiment is equal to the quotient of the set of calibration values ​​difference-modulated component the light intensity in the left area forming on the set of calibration values ​​difference-modulated component the light intensity in the right area formation: when applied to the control input of the optical modulator is a differential action of linearly changing the calibration signal pitch modulation and calibration function F^Ξ separating nonlinearity its second modulation a particular embodiment, is the ratio of the aggregate calibration values ​​difference-modulated component the light intensity in the left area the formation of a set of calibration values ​​difference-modulated component the light intensity in the right area forming divided into a plurality of corresponding values ​​monotonically-varying amplitude calibration signal pitch modulation: .;12. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the function values ​​Λ^Σ summing linearization division modulation dependent signal values ​​and / or function values ​​Λ^Ξ linearization pitch modulation dependent summing signal values.;13. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the summing is carried out by modulation of light beam intensity modulation using real-optical amplitude modulator, a separating optical modulation is performed by modulating the polarization state of the light flux by phase modulator with an arbitrary polarization characteristic unambiguous the transition between two mutually complementary optical polarization phase states and pitch conversion is performed in the modulation of the luminous flux separating component intensity by the first and second polarization converters with mutually complementary polarization parameters.;14. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that an optical source generating a light beam with the first spectrum using real-optical amplitude modulator summing the amplitude modulation performed by modulating the light intensity, the modulation is performed in a separatory form from the spectral modulation separatory the transition from the first range to second range by frequency-optical modulator when changing the voltage on its control input from the first to the second value via the first and second frequency optical analyzers carried conversion spectral pitch modulation to a separatory component light intensity, wherein the spectral characteristics of the first and second frequency analyzers optical correspond to the first and second spectra.;15. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that an optical source with a collimated light beam formed by a Strongly diffractive optical modulator adder summing diffraction modulation performed by changing the deflection angle of the light flux in the first transverse direction by dividing the diffractive optical modulator carried separatory diffraction modulation by changing the angle of light deflection in a second transverse direction and using asymmetric in two mutually orthogonal transverse directions zhalyuznogo optical converter is carried out in the first transverse direction selection component of the luminous flux corresponding to the summing of the diffraction modulation in the left and right areas of formation, and in the second transverse direction - the allocation of part of the luminous flux corresponding to the pitch of the diffraction modulation between the left and right forming zones.;16. The method of claim 2, wherein said analog using a real-optical modulator amplitude modulation is performed by summing the analog light intensity modulation by the polarization modulator bistable bistable polarization separating performed by modulation of pulse width modulation between the two mutually complementary polarization states by the first and second polarization converters with mutually complementary polarization states of the polarization conversion performed analog modulation bistable separating pitch variation component light intensity, while the function linearization bistable polarization modulation determined pitch in the first form as a function of The inverse of the nonlinearity function bistable polarization pitch modulation in her first version: , Which is defined as the aggregate results of the quotient of the average time of calibration values ​​of the pitch component of the light intensity in the left formation zone to the average time the calibration values ​​of the intensity of the pitch component light flux forming a right zone: where . When applied to the control input of the bistable polarization modulator calibration PWM signal with linearly varying pulse width and linearization function separatory bistable polarization modulation in its second , Defined as the embodiment of the set of quantities, each of which is the inverse nonlinearity to the corresponding value bistable polarization separating function in its second modulation , Version: Which is the set of results the quotient of the time averaged calibration values ​​of the pitch component of the luminous flux intensity in the left formation zone to the average time the calibration values ​​of the intensity of the pitch component light flux forming a right area divided by time-averaged , Calibration signal values a monotonically-changing pulse duration: where .;17. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the summing and / or separating the modulation is performed by a combination of analog and bistable or multistable modulation characteristics of luminous flux.;18. An apparatus for forming and observing stereoscopic images with the maximum spatial resolution, comprising: a source of stereo video, optically connected between an optical source and an electrically controlled optical unit comprising arranged in series on the same optical axis addressable by M rows and N columns section of optical combiner, addressable by M rows and N columns in this section of the optical encoder and addressable by N column section spatially selective optical decoder, and first and second functional units, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the sections of the optical combiner and a section of the optical encoder, respectively, and input - to the corresponding outputs stereo video source, wherein the aperture element mn-section optical combiner optically coupled to the aperture element mn-section of an optical encoder, and adjacent (2i-1) th and 2i-x columns optical encoder section and in the adjacent (2k-1 ) -x and x 2k-section columns spatially selective optical decoder initial optical state of the working medium are mutually complementary between adjacent columns, the axis of symmetry of one of the zones . forming a common line of intersection of a group of N planes, of which the first N / 2 planes passing through the axis of symmetry of the odd (2k-1) th column section of the optical encoder and odd symmetry axis section 2i-x columns spatially selective optical decoder, while the remaining N / 2 planes passing through the axis of symmetry of the even column 2k-x section of the optical encoder and odd symmetry axis (2i-1) th column sections spatially selective optical decoder, and the other axis of symmetry of zones . forming a common line of intersection of the other group of N planes, of which the first N / 2 planes passing through the axis of symmetry of the even 2k-x section of the column of the optical encoder and axis of symmetry of the even 2i-x section columns spatially selective optical decoder, and the remaining N / 2 planes pass through the axis of symmetry of the odd (2k-1) th column of the optical encoder section and odd symmetry axis (2i-1) th column sections spatially selective optical decoder, where n = 1, 2, ..., N, m = 1, 2, ..., N, i = 1, 2, ..., N, k = 1, 2, ..., N, characterized in that the electrically controlled matrix-addressable optical unit is adapted to mutual permutation along the optical axis of the sections of optical combiner, the optical encoder and spatially-selective optical decoder and / or their components, which are formed respectively as the summing of the optical modulator, the divider of the optical modulator and the optical selector, each of which contains at least one working medium layer with two mutually complementary arbitrary optical conditions and arbitrary unequivocal characteristic transition between these states, the first functional unit is configured to transfer function T^Σ, Which is the inverse of the transfer function f^ch_1 first optoelectronic channel: , The entrance of which is the control input of the summing optical modulator, and the optical output of the first optoelectronic channel is any of the zones . forming the second electronic functional unit is configured to transfer function T^Ξ, Which is the inverse of the transfer function f^ch_2 second optoelectronic channel: , The entrance of which is the control input of the divider of the optical modulator, and the optical output of the second optoelectronic channel are both zones of the aperture . forming, with the values ​​of the transfer functions of the first and second optoelectronic channels correspond to values ​​of the optical intensity.;19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the optical modulator summing and / or dividing optical modulator and / or an optical selector includes at least one auxiliary or auxiliary focusing compensatory or auxiliary optical polarizing layer, or a combination of auxiliary optical layers , each of which is fixed or controlled, transfer functions which are spectrally-dependent or dependent diffractive or refractive-dependent members contained in the values ​​of the transfer functions of the first and second optoelectronic channels.