plastid promoters for transgenic expression in the plastiden of higher plants

摘要

The present invention provides promoter elements useful for stably transforming the plastids of higher plants. The constructs described herein contain unique promoters that are transcribed by both nuclear encoded plastid RNA polymerases, plastid encoded plastid RNA polymerases or both. Use of the novel constructs of the invention facilitates transformation of a wider range of plant species and enables ubiquitous expression of a transforming DNA in plastids of multicellular plants.