PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a system for directly charging a receptor and reducing the unnecessary production of reactive oxidizing chemical species in a charging process.;SOLUTION: An electrophotographic charging device 700 comprises a conductive layer 710, a porous layer 720, a conductive layer 730 and nano-structures 750. The porous layer 720 is present on the conductive layer 710 and the conductive layer 730 is present on the porous layer 720. A plurality of holes 740 are formed on the porous layer 720, and at least one nano-structure 750 is present in each hole 740 and is electrically connected to the conductive layer 710. First bias voltage is applied to the conductive layer 710 from a power source 780, thereby charging or discharging a receptor 760 on a side opposite to the conductive layer 730. It is desirable to apply second bias voltage to the conductive layer 730 by a power source 782 so as to control charging or discharging operation.;COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
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