The present invention provides a membrane, comprising in said order a first electronically conducting layer, an ionically conducting layer, and a second electronically conducting layer,;characterized in that the first and second electronically conducting layers are internally short circuited.;The present invention further provides a method of producing the above membrane, comprising the steps of:providing a ionically conducting layer;applying at least one layer of electronically conducting material on each side of said ionically conducting layer;sintering the multilayer structure; andimpregnating the electronically conducting layers with a catalyst material or catalyst precursor material.展开▼