DEVICE FOR SOIL TILLAGE AND SOWING AND METHOD OF SOIL TREATMENT

摘要

FIELD: agriculture.;SUBSTANCE: device comprises frame, rotors, gear, sowing device, seed box. Device is equipped with double-cascade separator, slides, stone collector, pipes of seeds supply and return, display. Seed box is equipped with lock and system of seed batching control. Six rotors with geared disks are serially installed in holes of frame on sliding bearings. Geared disks of the last rotor are turned. Shafts of rotors are installed on flange joints. Profile of front surfaces of teeth of geared disks is turned along Archimedean spiral according to formula p=(180-220) φ. Delivery of rotation torque to geared disks is done through friction between them and splint bushings. Gear is arranged so that circumferential speed of teeth in each subsequent rotor is more compared to the previous one in average by 10%. Double-cascade separator is assembled of plates of the first cascade and plates of the second cascade, separated by rings. Section of plates is arranged as triangular with narrowing down. Baffle plate is installed at the outlet of the sixth rotor. Slides are hingedly connected at both sides of frame with the possibility of their position control by means of hydraulic cylinders through levers. Stone collector is mounted on frame and is connected to device frame. Bottom with antifriction pad is attached below stone collector frame. Bottom is installed with the possibility to control its position by means of hydraulic cylinders. Stem cavities of hydraulic cylinders for control of stone collector bottom position are connected to hydraulic accumulator. Brush rotated from the last rotor via chain gear is installed in holes of stone collector frame on sliding bearings. Body of sowing device is hingedly connected to frame of stone collector with the possibility to control force of pressure to soil by means of regulators. Ploughshares, in holes of which seeding-down rings enter, are welded to body of sowing device. Inside body of sowing device there is a perforated pipe installed with auger, having interrupted turns arranged in gaps between holes in perforated pipe. Perforated pipe is glued, and auger is attached to sockets connected via spacers to sprockets of chain gears. Spacers are installed in bearings pressed onto supports, to which pipe of seed supply and pipe of seed return are glued from inside. Pipe of seed supply is connected to fan and has a supply sensor installed on it. Pipe of seed return is connected to automatically controlled lock and has a return sensor installed on it. Diametre of return pipe is less than diametre of supply pipe. Lock is fixed on seed box, on which level sensor is installed. All sensors are connected to control unit, and control unit - to lock and display. Method includes treatment of soil by teeth of serially installed rotors. Soil is treated with rotor teeth repeatedly, damaging soil lumps withdrawn to surface and getting in between teeth of neighbouring rotors, by friction and deformation of cut. At least double-cascade separation of soil is carried out, in process of which stones and other bulk pieces are separated and stored in stone collector. Torn roots and remains of weeds are swept to field surface.;EFFECT: design and technology make it possible to improve quality of soil tillage and sowing, which increases crop capacity.;3 cl, 11 dwg