CULTIVATION METHOD OF GREEN CROPS MOSTLY TOMATOES WITH DROP IRRIGATION

摘要

FIELD: agriculture.;SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and land reclamation. The method includes the choice of crops as precursors in vegetable crop rotation, autumnal primary deep tillage, early-spring presowing or preplant soil treatment to loosen the upper layer and the suppress of weeds, laying of flexible irrigation piping of drop irrigation system, test irrigation water passes, setting up of sand and gravel filters and fine filters, fertiliser injector and means of delivery of liquid stock solutions of fertilisers, preplant irrigation and seedling planting, inter-row tillage, weeding in the protection area, herbicides distribution, maintenance of threshold moisture content in the root horizon, mineral feeding, protection of plants and tomato fruits from pests and pathogenic organisms, harvesting in the phases of technical and complete ripeness. After harvesting of preceding crop afterharvesting residues are chapped with disk harrow, topsoil is loosened to a depth of 0.10-0.12 m, the top layer of relief is aligned, band volumetric tillage of the topsoil and undertopsoil layer is carried out to the depth of 0.35-0.40 m forming firm sidewalls along the curved lines described by equitation of the semi-cubical parabola and bandwidth at the level of day surface not less than 0.6-0.7 m and spaces between the bands is 1.4-1.8 m. For a guaranteed yield of tomato fruits at levels of 60, 80 and 100 tons / ha during the growing season with irrigation water mineral fertilisers are distributed fractionally: N₁₂₀P₄₀K₅₀, N₁₅₀P₅₀K₇₀, N₁₈₀P₆₀K₉₀ kg application rate per ha in the following parts for phenological phases: in phase 5-6 true leafs 15% of N and 30% of P₂O₅, at the flowering stage: 30% of N, 12% of P₂O₅ and 17% of K₂O, in the phase of fruit set: 25% of N, 10% of P₂O₅ and 25% of K₂O; in the phase of milky ripeness of fruit 30 % of N, 35% of P₂O₅ and 20% of K₂O, in the phase of full ripeness: 5% of P₂O₅ and 3% of K₂O. Antecedent soil water in a layer of 0-0.3 m for these phases is maintained at levels 60-70, 70-80, 60-70, 80-90, 80-70 and 70-60% of field moisture capacity.;EFFECT: method allows to obtain the planned harvest of tomatoes of domestic and foreign selection with yields of 60, 80 and 100 tons / ha of fruit product with high quality and storability with conservation of appearance.;8 dwg, 14 tbl