The reactor comprises a tapered shaped pool (1), an inlet unit for the entry of wastewater (3) to be cleaned, a unit for exit and refinement of purified water, a unit for evacuating sludge (6), a ventilation unit (7) arranged in the bottom of the pool for supplying gas, a unit for recycling the gas of the ventilation unit, and an elevator unit (9) above the aeration unit. The covering comprises a tapered shaped diffuser, a gas collector and a plunging wall. The elevator unit comprises a tapered spreader plate with a wreath of release and a covering disposed on the plate. The reactor comprises a tapered shaped pool (1), an inlet unit for the entry of wastewater (3) to be cleaned, a unit for exit and refinement of purified water, a unit for evacuating sludge (6), a ventilation unit (7) arranged in the bottom of the pool for supplying gas, a unit for recycling the gas of the ventilation unit, and an elevator unit (9) above the aeration unit. The covering comprises a tapered shaped diffuser, a gas collector and a plunging wall. The elevator unit comprises a tapered spreader plate with a wreath of release and a covering disposed on the plate. The sidewalls of the basin form, with the horizontal plane formed along the base of the pool, an angle (alpha ) of 60[deg] C, (beta ) of 25[deg] C and (gamma ) of 12[deg] C. The plunging wall forms an angle of 0-30[deg] C along the vertical plane. The aeration unit comprises an aerator comprising a deformable membrane with a trough opening, and a unit for supplying a gas. The gas supplying unit comprises a compressor. The gas collector is present in the form of a circumferential gallery connected to edge of the diffuser. The gas recycling unit comprises a nozzle, a pipe directed towards the gas supply, a three way valve and an anti-return valve. The outlet and refinement unit of purified water includes a channel-decanter circumferentially disposed on an upper part of the pool, and a device for flushing and recirculating the sludge. An independent claim is included for a method for the biological treatment of wastewater.
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