Using pairs of working substance for absorption heat pumps, absorption refrigeration machines and heat transformers

摘要

Using a pair of working substance, containing A) one working substance selected from water, methanol or ammonia B) at least one ionic liquid, the ionic liquid a salt of general formulas I, I or III B1) [ a] n + [Y] n- (I) wherein n represents 1, 2, 3 or 4, [a] + represents a quaternary ammonium cation, a cation of oxonium, uncatión sulfonium or phosphonium cation and [ Y] n- represents an anion mono-, di-, tri- or tetravalent; B2) mixed salts of the general formulas (II) [A1] + [A2] + [Y] 2- (IIa); [A1] + [A2] + [A3] + [Y] 3- (IIb); or [A1] + [A2] + [A3] + [A4] + [Y] 4- (IIc), where [A1] + [A2] + [A3] + and [A4] + are selected independently mencionadospara groups [a] + and [Y] n- has the meaning mentioned in B1); or B3) mixed salts of the general formulas (III) [A +] + [A2] + [A3] + [M1] + [Y] 4- (IIIa); [A1] + [A2] + [M1] + [M2] + [Y] 4- (IIIb); [A1] + [M1] + [M2] + [M3] + [Y] 4- (IIIc); [A1] + [A2] + [M1] + [Y] 3- (IIId); [A1] + [M1] + [M2] + [Y] 3- (IIIe); [A1] + [M1] + [Y] 2- (IIIf); [A1] + [A2] + [M4] 2+ [Y] 4- (IIIg); [A1] + [M1] + [M4] 2+ [Y] 4- (IIIh); [A1] + [M5] 3+ [Y] 4- (IIIi); or [A1] + [M4] 2+ [Y] 3- (IIIj) where [A1] + [A2] + and [A3] + is independently selected from the groups mentioned for [A] +, [Y] n- has the meaning mentioned in B1) and [M1] + [M2] + [M3] + cations mean metálicosmonovalentes [M4] 2+ divalent metal cations and [M5] 3+ trivalent metal cations; or mixtures thereof in absorption heat pumps, absorption refrigeration machines and heat transformers basadosen absorption.