One aspect of the present invention relates to ligands for transition metals.A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of catalystscomprising these ligands in various transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond- forming reactions. The subject methodsprovide improvements in many features of the transition-metal-catalyzedreactions, including the range of suitable substrates, number of catalystturnovers, reaction conditions, and efficiency. For example, improvements havebeen realized in transition metal-catalyzed: aryl amination reactions; arylamidation reactions; Suzuki couplings; and Sonogashira couplings. In certainembodiments, the invention relates to catalysts and methods of using them thatoperate in aqueous solvent systems.
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