UNIVERSAL PROSTHESIS OF VERTEBRA BODY FOR TREATMENT OF FRACTURE-DISLOCATIONS AND STABILISATION OF CERVICAL SPINE AND METHOD OF VERTEBRA DISLOCATION REPOSITION WITH APPLICATION OF SAID DEVICE

摘要

FIELD: medicine.;SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to medicine, namely to traumatology and orthopedics. Universal prosthesis of vertebra body for treatment of fracture-dislocations and stabilisation of cervical spine contains hollow tubular element, connecting threaded bushings, direction of thread on the ends of tubular element and, respectively, in threaded bushings is opposite, support sites, in which surface facing vertebra bodies are made porous. In the middle part of hollow tubular element made is cylindrical thickening, on whose external surface, at the same level, with the same step, located are even number of radial through holes. On one of the ends of hollow tubular element made is cross-like groove, threaded bushings are made one piece with support sites, whose external surfaces have pointed "saw"- and "grater"-like projections. From the side of cross-like groove location threaded bushing is made straight-through, and has mushroom-like shape, and on the opposite side of hollow tubular element - in form of composite cylinder, which has head and base, connected with ring by means of longitudinal posts. In upper part of composite bushing base made is T-shaped projection, whose protruding side parts are guides for slots of respective form, located in the lower part of head. Head and base of composite cylinder are connected by means of threaded rod, which has smooth ends, whose diameter is smaller than diameter of middle threaded part of rod. One end of rod is provided with blind hole for butt end key, is located in straight-through bushing, which has thread on external side surface, and groove on the butt end. Rod with bushing is installed in through hole in composite cylinder, perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. Thread for threaded bushing is cut in hole only in the part, belonging to base, and thread for middle part of threaded rod - on the part, belonging to composite cylinder head. On side surface of one of said longitudinal posts made is through longitudinal slot, into which free end of fixing screw, fixed in hole on side surface of mushroom-shaped bushing "leg". On side surface of head, above hole in composite cylinder, made is threaded hole, and on side surface of mushroom-shaped bushing - through, radially located threaded holes for installation of holding instrument. Method of treating fracture-dislocations of vertebra includes placement of patient on table in on back position with roller, put under shoulders, distraction and lever impact on spine. Distraction and lever impact on vertebra are performed by means of said universal prosthesis of vertebra body under general anesthesia. Anterior structures of cervical spine are opened with standard access. After detection of fracture-dislocation anterior-lateral parts of vertebra, located under its dislocated or broken body, are resected. Revision of anterior parts of spinal canal with ablation of overlying and underlying disks and bone fragments is carried out by means of milling cutters. Described above universal prosthesis of vertebra body is installed into formed "niche", with bringing composite bushing wall into position, corresponding to degree of dislocated vertebra displacement. Patient's head is inclined forward at angle not less than 10°, and distraction of affected area is carried out, for which purpose hollow tubular element of device is rotated, using holes on its cylindrical thickening and holding prosthesis with holding device. Disconnection of interconnected articular processes of dislocated vertebra is determined visually or under control of electronic-optic converter. Threaded rod is turned by means of butt end key in reverse direction, thus return displaced vertebra into its physiological position. Further stages of surgery are not different from those which are applied in conventional methods of treatment of fracture-dislocations of vertebrae.;EFFECT: invention ensures complete elimination of spine deformation - performing reposition and stabilisation of vertebral - motor segments of cervical spine in case of its injuries and exclusion of complications in remote period.;3 cl, 4 dwg