SYSEMS AND METHODS FOR USING PARTIAL CO2 REBREATHING INTEGRATED IN A VENTILATOR AND MEASUREMENTS THEREOF TO DETERMINE NONINVASIVE CARDIAC OUTPUT

摘要

Systems and methods for providing a ventilator for partial CO₂ rebreathing using exhaust valves integrated in a ventilator system to increase a CO₂ rebreathing volume of a subject. Non-invasive measurements of CO₂ parameters and partial CO₂ rebreathing are used to determine noninvasive cardiac output parameters of the subject.