SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR USING PARTIAL CO2 REBREATHING INTEGRATED IN A VENTILATOR AND MEASUREMENTS THEREOF TO DETERMINE NONINVASIVE CARDIAC OUTPUT

摘要

Systems and methods for providing a ventilator for partial CO2 rebreathing using exhaust valves integrated in a ventilator system to increase a CO2 rebreathing volume of a subject. Non-invasive measurements of CO2 parameters and partial CO2 rebreathing are used to determine noninvasive cardiac output parameters of the subject.