A PM2.5 concentration detection system, comprising: an air pump (11) used for extracting air to be detected; a laser sensor (12) connected to the air pump (11) and used for detecting dust particles in the air to be detected and converting same into an electrical signal; an operation amplifier (13) connected to the laser sensor (12) and used for amplifying the electrical signal; a microcontroller (14) connected to the operation amplifier (13) and used for analysing, correcting and converting the amplified electrical signal according to a curve parameter obtained by a test; a display screen (15) connected to the microcontroller (14) and used for displaying the output result of the microcontroller (14); and a power supply system for supplying power for the system. The present invention is applicable to the field of environmental detection, and accurately and efficiently measures the PM2.5 concentration in real time by analysing and correcting the number concentration obtained by the detection of the laser sensor and converting same into the mass concentration using a microcontroller (14).
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