This magnetic separation system is equipped with: a magnetic separation device; and a magnetic field imposition means for imposing a predetermined magnetic field on the magnetic separation device. The magnetic separation device is equipped with: a column that, at the two ends thereof, has an inflow tube for leading in water to be processed and an outflow tube for discharging water to be processed, and comprises a non-magnetic material in which a duct is formed interconnecting the inflow tube and the outflow tube; a plurality of filters that are disposed in the duct in the column perpendicular to the direction of flow of the water to be processed, and that comprise a magnetic material for adsorbing/eliminating magnetic particles in the water to be processed using the magnetic field from the magnetic field imposition means; and a compressed gas supply means of which at least the tip section is disposed within the outflow tube and opens facing the inflow tube, and that supplies compressed gas for eliminating magnetic particles adsorbed to the plurality of filters.
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