PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gear transmission efficiency measurement apparatus for measuring gear engagement transmission efficiency accurately, and a gear transmission efficiency measurement method.SOLUTION: A gear transmission efficiency measurement apparatus 1 includes: a gear-pair transmission efficiency measurement machine 2 comprising an input shaft 12 and an output shaft 22 detachably fixed to a gear pair, and a detection unit for detecting torque and rotation speed of the input shaft 12 and the output shaft 22; and a gear reaction simulation apparatus 5 comprising a gear-reaction application mechanism which simulates engagement reaction of the gear pair. The gear reaction simulation apparatus 5 is mounted on the input shaft 12 and the output shaft 22, to calculate gear reaction on the basis of the measured torque and gear specifications. The calculated gear reaction is applied to between the input shaft 12 and the output shaft 22, to measure a bearing loss to be generated in a bearing member 13 between the gear reaction simulation apparatus 5 and a detection unit 14 and a bearing member 23 between the gear reaction simulation apparatus 5 and a detection unit 24. The gear reaction simulation apparatus 5 is dismounted, and the gear pair to be evaluated is mounted on the input shaft 12 and the output shaft 22, to measure transmission efficiency of the gear pair. On the basis of results thereof, gear engagement transmission efficiency is calculated.
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