Embodiments of the invention include methods and compositions for producing proficiency testing standards for noninvasive prenatal genetic diagnostics and for the detection and monitoring of cancer. The compositions can comprise a plurality of different nucleosomal DNA fragments derived from either primary cells or cell lines. The amount of the different nucleosomal DNA fragments can be varied so as to simulate naturally occurring cell free DNA samples obtained from the blood of the pregnant woman or naturally occurring cell free DNA samples obtained from the blood of cancer patients.
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