The device according to the invention comprises measurement means for delivering, either in real time or at a later time, the coefficients (35) of the characteristic equation of a model of the thermal behaviour of said room in transient regime. Said means, together with the temperature setpoint for heating the room, a chart giving the external temperature over a given time period and regulation of the internal temperature (31), also make it possible to establish a consumption time reference for heating the room (33) over a given time period from the characteristic equation of said model, the coefficients (35) of which have been obtained by said means, and from said regulation. The device makes it possible to take thermal performance measurements in buildings, to design optimum regulation for heating the room and to provide heating or air-conditioning systems with novel functions (9), (32).
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