The invention provides a TAM receptor agonist for use in a method of treating an autoimmune disease in a subject, wherein the TAM receptor agonist comprises a phosphatidyl serine (PtdSer) -containing lipid bilayer membrane with Gas6 and/or Protein S bound to the membrane, wherein signaling from one or more TAM receptors is activated. The invention further provides a composition comprising a PtdSer-containing membrane having a Gas6 and/or Protein S protein bound to said membrane. Further provided is a method for classifying a virus as susceptible to anti-TAM therapy and a method of identifying an agent that blocks virus infectivity.
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