OPTIMIZATION AND CONTROL METHOD FOR A DISTRIBUTED MICRO-GENERATION ENERGY PLANT

摘要

A control method of a plant for the micro-generation of distributed energy is disclosed, wherein the plant is installed in a local unit, is connected to an electric network of an external supplier and comprises at least generation resources comprising of generators of electric and thermal energy, among which at least a co-generator in the form of fuel cell and photovoltaic panels, and energy storage resources, among which at least an electric battery and a thermal accumulator (boiler), wherein the following steps are provided:acquiring status variables comprising at least an adjustment of said fuel cell (M(k)), a loading status of said battery (S(k)) and a status (H(k)) of said thermal accumulator,chasing a time sequence (k=1, ...N) of reference values comprising at least, from an electric production from photovoltaic panels (P_FV(k)), an electric load (L_EL(k)) and a thermal load (L_TH(k)) demanded by a user, through a predictive model defined for minimising a cost function which includes a total electric power (P_EL(k)) and a total thermal power (P_TH(k)) produced by said generators of electric and thermal energy, so as to obtain a sequence of optimised variables, comprising at least adjustment/modulation of said fuel cell (M_REF), power delivered by said thermal accumulator P_H(k) and a slack variable ε(k) to be used as input variables for said fuel cell and said electric batteryand wherein said status variables (M(k), S(k), H(k)) are put in relationship with the relative input variables (M_REF(k), P_BATT(k)) through discrete-time dynamic models defined as: $M\left(k+1\right)=e^{-\frac{T_s}{\tau }}M\left(k\right)+\left(1-e^{-\frac{T_s}{\tau }}\right)M_{\mathit{REF}}\left(k\right)\mathop{\mathrm{image}}$$S\left(k+1\right)=S\left(k\right)-k_s{T}_s{P}_{\mathit{BATT}}\left(k\right)\mathop{\mathrm{image}}$$H\left(k+1\right)=e^{-l_H{T}_s}H\left(k\right)+\frac{k_H}{l_H}\left(e^{-l_H{T}_s}-1\right)P_H\left(k\right)\mathop{\mathrm{image}}$where T_s is a sampling time, τ is a time constant of said fuel cell, k_s is a parameter of the loading and unloading dynamics of said electric battery, k_H and l_H are parameters of the dynamics of said thermal accumulator.