Hemodialysis system having a flow path with controlled follow-up volume

摘要

A system for performing kidney replacement treatment or for performing kidney replacement treatment with enhanced convective clearance and reduced blood clotting risk, comprising: a hemodialysis system having: (i) a controlled compliance dialysis circuit having a substantially inflexible volume; (ii) an extracoiporeal circuit 140 having a conduit for receiving blood from a subject and a conduit for returning blood to the subject, and a blood pump 125 for conveying blood from the subject, to the dialyzer 130 and back to the subject; and (iii) a dialyzer 130 with a dialysis membrane 135 wherein blood and a dialysate contact different sides of the dialysis membrane 135, a blood inlet end 161 for receiving blood, a blood outlet end 162 for allowing blood out of the dialyzer 130, a dialysate inlet end 194 for receiving dialysate and a dialysate outlet end 196 for allowing dialysate out of the dialyzer 130; wherein the controlled compliance dialysis circuit comprises: (iv) a dialysis circuit 141 having a sorbent cartridge 102 for removing at least one impurity or waste species from the dialysate, one or more conduits 191 for conveying dialysate between the sorbent cartridge 102 and the dialyzer 130, and a dialysate pump 138 for conveying dialysate from the sorbent cartridge 102, to the dialyzer 130 and back to the sorbent cartridge 102, the sorbent cartridge 102 having a dialysate inlet end 197 and a dialysate outlet end 195; (v) a control pump 190 configured to move fluid between the dialysis circuit 141 and the extracorporeal circuit 140, and where a flux of fluid moving between the extracorporeal circuit 140 and the dialysis circuit 141 is changed by the rate at which the control pump 190 is operating; (vi) a first control reservoir 192 configured to store fluid removed from the dialysis circuit 141 by the control pump 190 and configured to store fluid that can be added to the dialysis circuit 141 by the control pump 190; (vii) a water reservoir pump configured to add water to the dialysis circuit, where fluid added to the dialysis circuit causes movement of fluid from the dialysis circuit to the extracorporeal circuit.