METHODS AND DEVICES FOR ACHIEVING HIGH SURVIVALS OF LIVING CELLS AFTER FREEZING OR VITRIFICATION

摘要

Methods are described for warming a sample that contains a cell or tissue, wherein the method heats the sample at a warming rate of at least about 1×10⁶° C. and/or that increase the functional survival of the cell or tissue upon warming. The warming can be done using a laser that emits infrared wavelength light. Also described are systems and devices for rapid warming and cooling of samples.