The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition or a food composition which has excellent activity of stimulating enteroendocrine cells while being safe with few side effects. The composition contains one or more of an Oldenlandia brachypoda extract, a Spergularia marina extract, a Disporum smilacinum extract, a Persicaria posumbu extract and a Geum aleppicum extract as an active ingredient. The composition of the present disclosure can be usefully used as a pharmaceutical composition or a food composition for preventing, improving or treating diabetes mellitus, improving or treating heart diseases, improving or treating arteriosclerosis, improving or treating digestive disorders and malabsorption, preventing or treating obesity or suppressing appetite, protecting nerves, treating or improving liver diseases, and so forth. In addition, the composition of the present disclosure can promote the secretion of GLP-1, CCK or 5-HT, affect the activation of hTGR5 and act as TRP, TRPA1, G protein and PLCβ2 agonists.
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