A cell observation method includes a detection step of detecting radiation light that is radiated from an observation target when the observation target is irradiated with irradiation light; and a determination step of determining whether a cell included in the observation target is alive or dead based on the radiation light. Another cell observation method may include a detection step of detecting radiation light that is radiated from an observation target when the observation target is irradiated with irradiation light; and a detection step of detecting the number of live cells included in the observation target based on the radiation light. Another cell observation method may include an acquisition step of acquiring a spectrum of irradiation light that irradiates an observation target when the observation target is irradiated with the irradiation light; and a detection step of detecting a state of at least one of lipid and protein included in the observation target based on the spectrum.
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