The present invention is applicable in the field of traffic, and provides a vehicle distance warning system and warning method based on ultra-wideband wireless positioning technology, the vehicle distance warning system comprising an electronic licence plate attached to a vehicle and used for sending an ultra-wideband pulse signal; at least three interconnected and synchronised base stations positioned on the side of the road, used for receiving the ultra-wideband pulse signal, and uploading the timing of the reception of said ultra-wideband pulse signal; a vehicle distance warning server, used for generating real-time coordinates of the electronic licence plate on the basis of a preset positioning algorithm and the timing of the reception of the ultra-wideband pulse signal uploaded by each base station, positioning a target vehicle and a nearby vehicle, generating the position coordinates of the target vehicle and the nearby vehicle, measuring the driving speed and vehicle distance of the target vehicle and the nearby vehicle, and on the basis of the driving speed and the vehicle distance, issuing a warning message. In the present invention, the transmission of the signal between the base station and the electronic licence plate uses ultra-wideband wireless communication technology, reducing the occurrence and rate of occurrence of traffic accidents.
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