An ultra-wideband wireless positioning technology-based suspicious vehicle positioning system and positioning method. The suspicious vehicle positioning system comprises an electronic license plate (1) affixed onto a vehicle and transmitting an ultra-wideband pulse signal; at least three interconnected and synchronized base stations (2) located beside a road and used for receiving the ultra-wideband pulse signal and uploading the moments at which the ultra-wideband pulse signal is received; a suspicious vehicle positioning server (3) connected to the base stations (2), used for generating real-time coordinates of the electronic license plate (1) on the basis of a positioning algorithm and the moments uploaded by each base station (2) at which the ultra-wideband pulse signal is received, used for reading vehicle identification information stored in the electronic license plate (1), and, when the vehicle identification information is suspicious vehicle identification information, positioning and tracking the vehicle on the basis of the real-time coordinates of the electronic license plate (1). An ultra-wideband wireless communication technology is employed for signal transmission between the base stations (2) and the electronic license plate (1), thus allowing high-precision positioning and tracking of the suspicious vehicle carrying the electronic license plate (1).
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