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A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM CORN MEAL BY SIMULTANEOUS STARCH SACCHARIFICATION AND ETHANOL FERMENTATION USING STEMS OF THE PLANT TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA AS THE SOURCE OF SACCHARIFYING ENZYMES
A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM CORN MEAL BY SIMULTANEOUS STARCH SACCHARIFICATION AND ETHANOL FERMENTATION USING STEMS OF THE PLANT TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA AS THE SOURCE OF SACCHARIFYING ENZYMES
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机译:以玉米茎淀粉为糖化酶源的淀粉同时淀粉发酵和乙醇发酵生产玉米粉的乙醇工艺。
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摘要
The present process is a single step preparation of ethanol from corn meal using powdered dry stems of the Tinospora cordifolia. as source of saccharifying enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as ethanol producer, both working simultaneously in the same vessel. In the present day, new technology needs to be developed urgently to use alternative energy resources that are renewable and environmentally friendly. Ethanol has higher octane number, low cetane number and higher heat of vaporization than petrol and can be blended with the same. Three types of bioethanol feedstock are available today viz i) sucrose-based feedstock e.g. molasses, sugar beet, sweet sorghum and sugar cane, ii) starch-based feedstock e.g. wheat, corn, rice, potato, and barley and iii) lignocellulosic biomass.Bioethanol production from cereal starch like corn is more economic than from glucose. The present technology to produce fermentable sugar from cereal starch includes thermostable a-amylase or starch liquefying enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of internal α-1, 4 glycosidic linkages of starch into dextrin. Next glucoamylase catalyses hydrolysis α-1, 4 and a -1, 6 glycosidic bonds of dextrins into glucose as final product. Commercially it is known as Two enzyme cold process. Presently saccharification steps and fermentation steps are carried out in separate vessels under different conditions. The ideal situation for the production of bioethanol from starch may be simultaneous single step saccharification of starch into glucose by a single enzyme composition and fermentation of the glucose into ethanol under the same reaction conditions. In 2002, Sengupta et al. first reported huge extracellular a-amylase by Tinospora cordifolia . The amylase is a thiol protein which hydrolyses both amylose and amylopectin with the production of disaccharide as major end product. A number of disaccharidases like maltase, isomaltase, sucrase lactase etc were found to be present in the crude enzyme preparation. Accordingly, the present invention provides a process (three example described) for the production of ethanol from corn meal which includes gelatinization of corn meal at 100°C in an aqueous medium at a pH of 4.5 to 7.0, mixing with 0.5 to 1.5 % (w/w) dry Tinospora cordifolia stem powder, incubating the mixture at temperature 45-50°C for 48 hours followed by adding 5-10% (v/v) 48 hours grown Saecharomyces cerevisiae. in a suitable medium containing glucose, ammonium sulphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate and yeast extract, further incubating at 30-37°C for 48 hours, separating the liquid by a known process of filtration and collecting the filtrate as a solution ethanol. Major advantages (12) of the single step process using unique biocatalyst process over conventional two stage process for bioethanol production have been indicated. Patent includes ten claims for the process as described.
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机译:本方法是使用玉米粉的干茎粉从玉米粉中一步制备乙醇。作为糖化酶的来源,酿酒酵母作为乙醇的生产者,两者在同一容器中同时工作。目前,迫切需要开发新技术,以使用可再生和环保的替代能源。乙醇比汽油具有更高的辛烷值,较低的十六烷值和更高的汽化热,并且可以与乙醇混合。当今有三种类型的生物乙醇原料,即基于蔗糖的原料,例如糖蜜,甜菜,甜高粱和甘蔗,ii)基于淀粉的原料,例如小麦,玉米,大米,马铃薯和大麦以及iii)木质纤维素生物质。谷物淀粉(如玉米)的生物乙醇生产要比葡萄糖经济得多。由谷物淀粉生产可发酵糖的本技术包括热稳定的α-淀粉酶或淀粉液化酶,其催化淀粉的内部α-1、4糖苷键水解为糊精。接下来,葡糖淀粉酶将糊精的水解α-1,4和-1,6糖苷键催化成最终产物葡萄糖。商业上称为二酶冷法。目前,糖化步骤和发酵步骤在不同条件下在单独的容器中进行。由淀粉生产生物乙醇的理想情况是通过单一酶组合物将淀粉同时单步糖化为葡萄糖,并在相同反应条件下将葡萄糖发酵为乙醇。 2002年,Sengupta等人。最早报道的是Tinospora cordifolia产生的巨大的细胞外α-淀粉酶。淀粉酶是一种巯基蛋白,可以水解直链淀粉和支链淀粉,并以二糖为主要最终产物。发现粗制酶制剂中存在许多诸如麦芽糖酶,异麦芽糖酶,蔗糖酶等的双糖酶。因此,本发明提供了一种由玉米粉生产乙醇的方法(所述的三个实例),包括在100℃下在pH值为4.5至7.0的水性介质中将玉米粉糊化,并与0.5%至1.5%( w / w)干燥的Tinospora cordifolia干粉,将混合物在45-50°C的温度下孵育48小时,然后添加5-10%(v / v)48小时生长的啤酒酵母。在含有葡萄糖,硫酸铵,磷酸氢钠和酵母提取物的合适介质中,进一步在30-37°C下孵育48小时,通过已知的过滤方法分离液体,并收集滤液作为乙醇溶液。已经表明使用独特的生物催化剂方法的一步法相对于用于生物乙醇生产的常规两步法的主要优点(12)。专利包括上述方法的十项权利要求。
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